The aim of this room is to provide a beginner's introduction to the basic principles of networking. Networking is a massive topic, so this really will just be a brief overview; however, it will hopefully give you some foundational knowledge of the topic, which you can build upon for yourself.
Room Answers
The topics that we're going to cover in this room are:
⦾ The OSI Model
⦾ The TCP/IP Model
⦾ How these models look in practice
⦾ An introduction to basic networking tool
Task 1 Introduction
Let's get started!
No answer Needed
Task 2 The OSI Model: An Overview
Which layer would choose to send data over TCP or UDP?
4
Which layer checks received packets to make sure that they haven't been corrupted?
2
In which layer would data be formatted in preparation for transmission?
2
Which layer transmits and receives data?
1
Which layer encrypts, compresses, or otherwise transforms the initial data to give it a standardized format?
6
Which layer tracks communications between the host and receiving computers?
5
Which layer accepts communication requests from applications?
7
Which layer handles logical addressing?
3
When sending data over TCP, what would you call the "bite-sized" pieces of data?
Segments
[Research] Which layer would the FTP protocol communicate with?
7
Which transport layer protocol would be best suited to transmit a live video?
UDP
Task 3 Encapsulation
How would you refer to data at layer 2 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model)?
Frames
How would you refer to data at layer 4 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model), if the UDP protocol has been selected?
Datagrams
What process would a computer perform on a received message?
De-encapsulation
Which is the only layer of the OSI model to add a trailer during encapsulation?
Data Link
Does encapsulation provide an extra layer of security (Aye/Nay)?
Aye
Task 4 The TCP/IP Model
Which model was introduced first, OSI or TCP/IP?
TCP/IP
Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Transport layer of the OSI model (Full Name)?
Transport
Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Session layer of the OSI model (Full Name)?
Application
The Network Interface layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of two layers in the OSI model. These layers are Data Link, and?.. (Full Name)?
Physical
Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles the functionality of the OSI network layer?
Internet
What kind of protocol is TCP?
Connection-based
What is SYN short for?
Synchronize
What is the second step of the three way handshake?
SYN/ACK
What is the short name for the "Acknowledgement" segment in the three-way handshake?
ACK
Task 5 Networking Tools Ping
The basic syntax for ping is ping <target>. In this example we are using ping to test whether a network connection to Google is possible:
What command would you use to ping the bbc.co.uk website?
ping bbc.co.uk
Ping muirlandoracle.co.uk What is the IPv4 address?
217.160.0.152
What switch lets you change the interval of sent ping requests?
-i
What switch would allow you to restrict requests to IPv4?
-4
What switch would give you a more verbose output?
-v
Task 6 Networking Tools Traceroute
The basic syntax for traceroute on Linux is this: traceroute <destination>
Use traceroute on tryhackme.com
Can you see the path your request has taken?
No Answer Needed
What switch would you use to specify an interface when using Traceroute?
-i
What switch would you use if you wanted to use TCP SYN requests when tracing the route?
-T
[Lateral Thinking] Which layer of the TCP/IP model will traceroute run on by default (Windows)?
Internet
Task 7 Networking Tools WHOIS
Perform a whois search on facebook.com
No Answer Needed
What is the registrant postal code for facebook.com?
94025
When was the facebook.com domain first registered?
29/03/1997
Perform a whois search on microsoft.com
Question Done
Which city is the registrant based in?
Redmond
[OSINT] What is the name of the golf course that is near the registrant address for microsoft.com?
Bellevue Golf Course
What is the registered Tech Email for microsoft.com?
msnhst@microsoft.com
Task 8 Networking Tools Dig
What is DNS short for?
Domain Name System
What is the first type of DNS server your computer would query when you search for a domain?
Recursive
What type of DNS server contains records specific to domain extensions (i.e. .com, .co.uk*, etc)*? Use the long version of the name.
Top-Level Domain
Where is the very first place your computer would look to find the IP address of a domain?
Local cache
[Research] Google runs two public DNS servers. One of them can be queried with the IP 8.8.8.8, what is the IP address of the other one?
8.8.4.4
If a DNS query has a TTL of 24 hours, what number would the dig query show?
